Master of Science in School Psychology Preventing Depression in School-Aged Children 2019

The American Psychological Association has recently described a ground-breaking new school-based program that is seeking solutions to the rising rates of depression in children. Todays children have a 9% risk of experiencing major depression before the age of 14 and a 20% chance of experiencing at least one episode of major depression before they graduate from highschool. Professionals with a Master of Science in School Psychology are concerned about these statistics due to their future implications. A child who has experienced major depression is further at risk for struggling with major depression as an adult. To combat this common cold of mental health, psychologists are using the discipline of school psychology to teach thinking habits in schools that will prevent depression. Research from psychology graduate schools has pointed to the value of being positive in thinking and problem-solving skills. Professionals of school psychology chose to teach these skills to students at risk for major depression. Students in the new school-based program were taught to identify negative thinking patterns and replace them with positive thoughts. Areas that were targeted include self-image, thoughts about others, and thoughts about the world in general. Students were also taught assertiveness and relaxation techniques. .u7d7ad6a562350f057eb94f94e4087d28 { padding:0px; margin: 0; padding-top:1em!important; padding-bottom:1em!important; width:100%; display: block; font-weight:bold; background-color:#eaeaea; border:0!important; border-left:4px solid #34495E!important; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -o-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); text-decoration:none; } .u7d7ad6a562350f057eb94f94e4087d28:active, .u7d7ad6a562350f057eb94f94e4087d28:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; text-decoration:none; } .u7d7ad6a562350f057eb94f94e4087d28 { transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .u7d7ad6a562350f057eb94f94e4087d28 .ctaText { font-weight:bold; color:inherit; text-decoration:none; font-size: 16px; } .u7d7ad6a562350f057eb94f94e4087d28 .post Title { color:#000000; text-decoration: underline!important; font-size: 16px; } .u7d7ad6a562350f057eb94f94e4087d28:hover .postTitle { text-decoration: underline!important; } READ Making a Difference with Payroll AccountingAfter the training, the professionals of school psychology followed up with the students six months and two years later. At the six-month point, children who had learned the new skills had fewer symptoms of depression and better behavior in the classroom than children who had not learned the skills. At the two-year point, children who had learned the prevention skills had a 22% rate of moderate to severe symptoms of major depression, whereas children who had not learned the skills had a 44% rate of moderate to severe major depression. The program used in the study period is now in effect at multiple locations in honor of the original psychology graduate school that conducted the research. School systems in California, New Jersey, Texas, Minnesota, New York, and Illinois are using the program to improve mental health and classroom behavior of students. This program serves as one of the many successes in the profession of school psychology. Psychology graduate schools such as Capella University are producing qualified graduates to continue to make advances in the discipline of school psychology. Students interested in pursuing a career in school psychology may visit College-Pages.com for an extensive list of available programs and additional resources. .u071624f99da2279fdd3bf5afe2ef97ee { padding:0px; margin: 0; padding-top:1em!important; padding-bottom:1em!important; width:100%; display: block; font-weight:bold; background-color:#eaeaea; border:0!important; border-left:4px solid #34495E!important; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -o-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); text-decoration:none; } .u071624f99da2279fdd3bf5afe2ef97ee:active, .u071624f99da2279fdd3bf5afe2ef97ee:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; text-decoration:none; } .u071624f99da2279fdd3bf5afe2ef97ee { transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .u071624f99da2279fdd3bf5afe2ef97ee .ctaText { font-weight:bold; color:inherit; text-decoration:none; font-size: 16px; } .u071624f99da2279fdd3bf5afe2ef97ee .post Title { color:#000000; text-decoration: underline!important; font-size: 16px; } .u071624f99da2279fdd3bf5afe2ef97ee:hover .postTitle { text-decoration: underline!important; } READ Mechanical Engineering BS Degree Online NanotechnologyRelated ArticlesEducational Psychology Academic-Minded Psychology Students Wanted in the Field of Educational PsychologyObtaining a Teaching DegreeWith a Psychology Degree, Coalition Fights for Expanded Scope of Practice for Healthcare ProfessionalsFind Online Education and Teaching Degree ProgramsTake the Steps Today to Become a School Teacher TomorrowBachelors Degrees in Teaching Online

The Great Depression Essay - 858 Words

The economic crisis of the 1930s prompted a major reassessment of the relationship between the state and the economy in the United States. Franklin D. Roosevelts New Deal (1933–1941) expanded welfare provision, orchestrated a massive program of public works, introduced a swath of new agencies, and greatly empowered organized labor. This was a period of highly noticeable political and ideological adjustment, but it was an adjustment characterized by paradox, ambivalence, and uncertainty, particularly in relation to the politics of consumption. The collapse of the U.S. economy following the Wall Street Crash in October 1929 was sudden and shocking. By mid-1930, the economy was at a virtual standstill. As David Kennedy explains, when†¦show more content†¦Alan Brinkley reports that by the mid-1940s, the New Deal state, having largely retreated from the more radical proposals to restructure the U.S. economy it had countenanced in the early 1930s, was committed to a consumer-oriented approach. This strategy involved combining modest use of Keynesian fiscal management with a commitment albeit limited in comparison to those of Scandinavian and some western European nations to the welfare state. Thereafter, doubts about the capacity of the market and of large-scale capitalist institutions to deliver prosperity which had been significant during the early New Deal did not resurface for a generation, with the onset of malaise and stagflation in the 1970s (Anthony, pp. 87). The Great Depression was an age of fear and insecurity. Innovations in consumer credit and the rise of the chain store meant that in the 1920s, more Americans than ever before had experienced the benefits of mass production. When it came, then, the Great Depression delivered a particularly hard blow to middle-class Americans who were encouraged by social engineers and by the burgeoning marketing and advertising industries, were increasingly defining themselves in terms of their ability to consume. Rather than rebelling, however, the dominant response to the collapse of the consumer culture of the 1920s was a mixture of self-blame, escapism, and conformity, notes Robert McElvaine. What is remarkable about the 1930s, in fact, is the degree to which patternsShow MoreRelatedThe Depression Of The Great Depression1223 Words   |  5 Pagesfar-reaching consequences as the Great Depression. This experience was the most extended and severe depression of the Western world. It was an economic downturn that began in 1929 and lasted until 1939. A large amount of America’s labor force lost their jobs and suffered during this crisis. During the nation’s financial disaster, Franklin Delano Roosevelt became president and made extensive changes to America’s political structure. The effects of the Great Depression had lasting consequences that areRead MoreThe Depression Of The Great Depression1232 Words   |  5 Pagespeople think that the stock crash was to blame for the Great Depression but that is not correct. Both the crash and depression were the result of problems with the economy that were still underneath society s minds. The depression affected people in a series of ways: poverty is spreading causing farm distress, unemployment, health, family stresses and unfortunately, discrimination increases. America tended to blame Hoover for the depression and all the problems. When the 1932 election came peopleRead MoreThe Great Depression Essay1390 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction: The world had faced two main economic problems. The first one was the Great Depression in the early of 20th Century. The second was the recent international financial crisis in 2008. The United States and Europe suffered severely for a long time from the great depression. The great depression was a great step and changed completely the economic policy making and the economic thoughts. It was not only an economic situation bit it was also miserable making, made people more attentionRead MoreThe Great Depression1292 Words   |  6 PagesBefore the crash Before the start of the great depression the United States was a country of great economic wealth, with new technology being invented and a boom in industry. Due to a boom in America’s Industry because of World War One the economy was at an all-time high with a tremendous amount of prosperity. Following the end of world war one the industrial might that America had was being used for peaceful, domestic purposes instead of being used for violence and war. New technologies like carsRead MoreThe Depression Of The Great Depression2071 Words   |  9 PagesPaul Von Hindenburg appointed Adolf Hitler Chancellor on the 30th January 1933. The Depression did play a vital role in this, however other factors such as the Nazis propaganda, the resentment of the Weimar republic and the political situation of 1932-1933 also contributed to his success. Before the Great Depression, the Nazis gained 12 seats and 2.6% of the vote in the May election of 1928. Despite this, by July 1932, Hitler gained 230 seats and 37.3% of the vote in the Reichstag. This is a dramaticRead MoreThe Great Depression1731 Words   |  7 PagesThe 1920’s was a decade of discovery for America. As mentioned in â€Å"who was roaring in the twenties? —Origins of the great depression,† by Robert S. McElvaine America suffered with the great depression due to several factors but it managed to stay prosperous at the end. In â€Å"America society and culture in the 1920’s,† by David A. Shannon there was much more to the great depression. It was a time of prosperity an economic change. Women and men were discovering who they were and their value to societyRead MoreThe Great Depression1551 Words   |  6 PagesThe Great Depression was one of the most devastating events recorded in history. The nation as a whole plummeted in one econ omic downfall. Few individuals escaped the effects of the depression. The hardship of unemployment and the loss of homes and farms were a large portion of the pain caused by the economic crisis. Through all of these sufferings, women had a large impact on society. Women faced heavy discrimination and social criticism during the Depression Even though through research it is provenRead MoreThe Great Depression1186 Words   |  5 Pagesfriends is the true definition of of what the Great Depression really was. It was a time that most people want to never remember or ever happen again. You would think the United States would have learned from their mistakes but it seems we are going down the same road once again without even taking a step back and realizing it. When people talk about the Great Depression not a single person will have anything good to say about it. It caused families a great deal of pain that they will never forget. WithRead MoreThe Great Depression1368 Words   |  6 PagesAfter WW1 the Great Depression had a very late impact on the major film companies in France, when it did, it unfortunately caused several film studios to go bankrupt, then in the late 1920’s to 1930’s many small film companies and groups emerged giving birth to the tendency called poetic realism. Because the large companies who made films with a focus on making money were gone the filmmakers and artists were able to concern themselves with the art of film, they often took poetic innovations thatRead MoreGreat Depression7197 Words   |  29 PagesGreat Depression From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia {draw:frame} Dorothea Langes Migrant Mother depicts destitute pea pickers in California, centering on Florence Owens Thompson, age 32, a mother of seven children, in Nipomo, California, March 1936. The Great Depression was a severe worldwide economic depression) in the decade preceding World War II. The timing of the Great Depression varied across nations, but in most countries it started in about 1929 and lasted until the late 1930s

Bal-A-Vis-X Free Essays

Trying to minimize which program is the most effective lies in the opinion and experience of the teacher under the policies of each school district. Currently, my professional peers use Brain Gym, Go Noodle, Move It or some form of a self-designed kinesthetic curriculum in their classroom as a management technique to reduce or minimize undesirable behaviors and create healthy environments. Another reason to incorporate movement is to engage multiple areas of the brain and to use both sides of the brain. We will write a custom essay sample on Bal-A-Vis-X or any similar topic only for you Order Now Exercise increases blood flow and oxygen to the brain resulting in improve academic performance. There is a plethora of programs designed to accomplish this concept with integrating kinesthetic lessons into education.It has been proven and evidence supports that movement using multi-sensory techniques increases cognitive functions of the brain. Ultimately, this is the desired outcome or goal for the educator and student.Hubert, Bill.  Cues for Learning and Teaching in Flow. Wichita, KS: Bal-A-Vis-X, 2014. Print.   Bal-A-Vis-X was developed by a teacher in Wichita, Kansas named Bill Hubert. Bill Hubert uses cognitive exercises which encompass the integration of balance, auditory, and vision exercises using racquetballs, balance boards, hand-sized sandbags and various complexity of rhythmic exercises. The exercises focus on rhythm, patterning, balance and visual teaming. The combination of 300 various exercises increase in complexity as the student masters the fundamental skills. The exercises can be reduced to accommodate the student with varying disabilities. The program is designed to help individuals who struggle with academics, post-traumatic stress, physical and social impairments. (Hubert, 2007)Bill Hubert suggest the lack of flow within a person can trigger the stressful occurrences which may cause the cognitive debilitation of an individual. (Hubert, 2007). He further explains what he believes are the series of physical and developmental movement which occur and how this movement contributes to the cognitive aspects of the individual to perform a required task.In Bill Hubert’s book Bal-A-Vis-X Rhythmic Balance/Auditory/Vision/eXercises for Brain and Brain-Body Integration, he mentions neurophysiologist Carla Hannaford. She wrote an excerpt about how the brain and body worked which inspired him: A most fundamental and mysterious aspect of the mind, thought, creativity and intelligence are not processes of the brain alone, but the whole body. Sensations, moments, emotions, and brain integrative functions are grounded in the body. The human qualities we associate with the mind can never exists separate from the body, it is our movements that express knowledge and facilitate greater cognitive function as they increase in complexity. (Hubert 2014) The principals of the program are to introduce midline crossings in three dimensions which are designed to follow steady rhythm using the whole mind-body system creating the flow with in the student aligning the mind with the body. The idea is to listen to the rhythm of the sound of the balls bouncing or the sandbags being passed while simultaneously integrating patterned movement involving the whole body.†Making an Intervention Report.†Ã‚  WWC | Find What Works!  US Department of Education, n.d. Web. 14 Mar. 2018. One reliable intervention resource for Special Education teachers is the website, What Works Clearinghouse created by the Department of Education. The information presented on this website shares interventions which are research based with data which has been proven to be effective and reliable across multiple categories. Another resource is the National Intervention Institute in Florida. They have collected and presented a multitude of research supporting the Response to Intervention tiered System academically and behaviorally. I did not find any data on either of these websites for Bal-A-Vis-X. Searching for data and information seemed to come from the founder himself, testimonials of educators and parents, and other graduate students conducting their own research. I felt the information could be bias and not authentic or reliable. I questioned if Bal-A-Vis-X was possibly just another product to entice the movement program generation to incorporate it in their interventions in schools, nursing homes, care facilities and physical therapy centers. Several of the testimonials were extremely emotional and supportive that Bal-A-Vis-X is remarkable in its entirety. Web. 14 Mar. 2018.  Norsworthy, Francis, and Bill Hubert. The Illustrated Bal-A-Vis-X: Rhythmic Balance/auditory/vision Exercises for Brain and Brain-body Integration. Wichita, Kan.: Bal-A-Vis-X, 2009. Print.  The founder, Bill Hubert claims it takes approximately three years to master all the skills of the program. (Hubert, 2007) I started my project first with viewing the first disc in the series of three. Each disc is a video recording of the founder Bill Hubert and his students demonstrating the first foundational exercises. He demonstrates the target skill precisely. He then demonstrates variations of the skill with modifications to accommodate students who struggle with the skill. Bill Hubert strives for three main goals with the program First, it is important to test a student for visual tracking. This is very important for a student to be able to visually track. Starting from the beginning basic skills visual tracking is essential for the student to be able to follow with their eyes the direction of the bean bags or balls while engaging their body in various other movements simultaneously in multiple directions and abilities. The next goal is to have discipline parameters. Classroom management is necessary. Students must be paying attention to the instructor and responding to exactly what is being demonstrated exactly the way it is intended. The student must be able to hear the rhythm of the bean bags slapping, the balls bouncing, and feel the flow from all of the components of the program working together with the student similar to pendulum swinging. When mind and body are working together harmony will occur in the body and mind to create a sense overall balance. In conclusion of training elementary students in the basic skill activities of Bal-A-Vis-X, I have discovered intensive individualized instruction is needed for optimal results. My fidelity of the training was challenged in the setting I provided for the instruction to the participating students. The parameters of what was needed was comprised by instructing in a group setting for the initial training. In addition, I was unaware at first that I would be losing one training a week per grade level due to Keyboarding class at the same time. I had originally planned on the group training two days a week, for sixteen weeks, for fifteen minutes prior to their physical education class. In the beginning I randomly drew from a jar which had each student’s name printed on it from the targeted grade level fourth, fifth and sixth grades. One group would participate and one group would not participate in Bal-A-Vis-X skills. I administered all students an assessment an oral reading fluency probe and a silent reading comprehension probe. There were no significant positive results from the reading data which validated that Bal-A-Vis-X improved the students reading skills comparing from the beginning to end reading skills assessments. There were no significant differences comparing the Bal-A-Vis-X group to the non-Bal-A-Vis-X group either. Even though I did not get the intended results I was hoping for with this intervention program for reading, I did observe other positive outcomes. These observations were my personal observations from watching the students perform the skills. One observation example was a sixth grade girl with Autism. She is high functioning but just rebuts physical activity. She continually argued how all the skills were stupid or hard. I put her on the end to practice by herself or where I could be her partner. She repetitively could not perform the tasks asked without restarting several times, dropping of the beanbags or balls. She couldn’t balance herself on the board and refused to even try. Each time I worked with her I broke the task down in smaller increments of movements. Eventually, the complaining decreased and she willing participated. One day at recess, which she stands and typically watches her peers play a popular competitive speed basketball game of shooting hoops, she stepped forward and joined. Remarkably, she hit the hoop every time she attempted to hit the hoop. This was a very first for her. She was so excited and her peers even noticed and were awed by her success. This was the first time I saw her happy and excited to engage with her peers in a physical activity. There were a few other coordination observations I made during the sixteen weeks. In knowledge I have obtained from the results first hand from this program, I have decided to peruse professional development of this program so I can teach it more reliably next year. I would like to teach it one on one to my special needs students. Many of the skills taught on the CD disc I personally struggled with performing them myself. I received as much satisfaction from inter personal learning as I did from learning from the students as they were performing the skills. Over all, I cannot say at this time in my personal opinion, observation, and results from reading assessments that Bal-A-Vis-X will improve a student’s reading performance. However, I have not determined that it is not effective either. I will need more time and specific measurable obtainable data implementing the program in a individualized specialized setting for the best results. How to cite Bal-A-Vis-X, Papers

The French And Indian War As A Cause Of The Americ Essay Example For Students

The French And Indian War As A Cause Of The Americ Essay an Revolution At the outset of the eighteenth century, the Ohio Valley can identified as the main catalyst in triggering open hostilities between the French and the Americans. The French occupied parts of Canada but also wanted a stake in America. Its means to do this was through the Ohio Valley it maintained. However, the colonists were bound to permeate this area in their push towards the west. And as they did, competition for the lush lands flared up and came to a breaking point. This directly lead to the French and Indian War with the Indians, for the most part, siding with the French against Britain. The events and sentiments that took place during and immediately after the French and Indian War (1754-1763) were extremely important in contributing to the outset of the American Revolution. By looking at the perspectives of the two diverging peoples, it is evident there is a strong contrast, which lead to increasing tensions. The intermingling of arrogant British redcoats and the proud colonial militiamen precariously produced a strong mutual dislike and contempt. The majority of British officers hated colonial service and took great care to avoid it. After all, America was a strange wilderness to them. The West Indies specifically were infested with disease-carrying pests, and fevers were known to kill hundreds of men. Britains found the colonists uncooperative and very reluctant to serve for their country. Religious minority groups especially opposed to war could play hell with appropriations. (Chidsey) For example, the Quakers absolutely would not fight to protect their very own homes and refused to be taxed for a war because they thought, according to their religion, it was sinful. Most colonists altogether refused to contribute money. It was not until William Pitt offered to reimburse them a share of the money did they render some wealth, though not much (Bailey 98). When American recruits finally dribbled in, they were primitive in military customs. Some even deserted camp, and when they were seized and brought back to camp, they were whipped. British General Braddock went so far as to forewarn his soldiers of a penalty of hanging for the next that deserted him. The colonists, having always thought the British militia to be noble and indomitable, were shocked at their behavior. The almighty Redcoats were actually running and hiding in battle times when they should have proved valorous. The British were probably embarrassed too over a childish rivalry between English generals William Johnson and Governor William Shirley at Fort Albany. Competition arose because of Shirleys greed for Indian allies, and neglecting Johnson simultaneously. They immaturely wrote secret letters about each other, getting others involved and annoyed. A factor also contributing to the disappointment of the colonists is how the British consistently fought a European war instead of a new style war, particularly guerrilla warfare (based on sneak attack and using camouflage), which limited their success and sometimes determined failure. Impressment prevailed for part of the war, adding insult to outrage. Impressment refers to the British sending press gangs from their warships to bring in mariners to serve in the British ships. They received little to no pay, and about 900 of the seamen died leaving their families bereft and embittered (Reeder). With both the Americans and the English referring to each other as cowardly dogs, conflict became more personal between people than just between two land areas. Although still disunited, the colonies were beginning to melt this hindrance, sometimes without knowing it, to realize they shared more in common with each other than with those of the mother country. The disunity that had predominated since the founding of the colonies can be accounted for and understood because of geographical barriers like rivers and lack of roads, diverse religions, mixed nationalities, various governments, boundary disputes, social classes, different currencies at altered worths in each colony, and jealousy. As British Sir Winston Churchhill said, They were united in distrusting the home government but in little else. However, steps were being taken, sometimes not even purposely, to promote rapport among the colonies. Newspapers, for instance, not only covered the war effort, but they also promoted a unity of consciousness for the colonies. .u47c843b06fb2ea70ecfd1d175f430688 , .u47c843b06fb2ea70ecfd1d175f430688 .postImageUrl , .u47c843b06fb2ea70ecfd1d175f430688 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u47c843b06fb2ea70ecfd1d175f430688 , .u47c843b06fb2ea70ecfd1d175f430688:hover , .u47c843b06fb2ea70ecfd1d175f430688:visited , .u47c843b06fb2ea70ecfd1d175f430688:active { border:0!important; } .u47c843b06fb2ea70ecfd1d175f430688 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u47c843b06fb2ea70ecfd1d175f430688 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u47c843b06fb2ea70ecfd1d175f430688:active , .u47c843b06fb2ea70ecfd1d175f430688:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u47c843b06fb2ea70ecfd1d175f430688 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u47c843b06fb2ea70ecfd1d175f430688 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u47c843b06fb2ea70ecfd1d175f430688 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u47c843b06fb2ea70ecfd1d175f430688 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u47c843b06fb2ea70ecfd1d175f430688:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u47c843b06fb2ea70ecfd1d175f430688 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u47c843b06fb2ea70ecfd1d175f430688 .u47c843b06fb2ea70ecfd1d175f430688-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u47c843b06fb2ea70ecfd1d175f430688:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Performing Arts Analysis Essay Through these reports and therefore awareness, the English were warned of French troops moving southward from Canada and of the French master plan to capture the continent in 1753. The Albany Plan of Union was a positive step in achieving union. The ingenious Benjamin Franklin proposed a layout of .

True Romance (660 words) Essay Example For Students

True Romance (660 words) Essay True RomanceOnce again, Quentin Tarantino outdoes himself. The movie True Romance was excellent. It presented real issues that some people are forced to deal with in their lives. The title of the movie is misleading. You would think this was going to be a love story. Actually it is, but unlike any love story Ive ever seen. Its filled with violence, action, blood, guts and gore.Like most other Tarantino movies it revolves around the violence we rarely see or experience in our lives. He also incorporates rugs and racism, hate and love and his usual corny way of portraying them. We will write a custom essay on True Romance (660 words) specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now In Tarantino films, violence is presented in a totally different approach than movies like Rambo or Die Hard. Although you have the same amount of people dying, Tarantino seems to have this perverted and gruesome way of presenting it to his audiences. He always takes violence to the extreme. In the scene with the pimp he doesnt just shoot the pimp in the back or chest. He goes right for the gustohis balls !!!! (OUCH) Another example of this is when Dennis Hopper was killed. We all knew what happened to him, but Tarantino makes sure he shows us the oozing bullet wound to his head. Some people think this is taking violence too far; however, acts of this nature happen in the real world every day. I guess this is his way of giving us a reality check.Shit like this happens to people. We are so sheltered in our comfortable little worlds we dont even realize this kind of stuff goes on. Variety. Isnt it supposed to be the spice of life? Well, Tarantino gets so damn spicy it can make you swea t bullets. What is it about violence that is so attractive to the general public? There are so many people who would rather see a violent movie than a movie filled with romance or adventure. If you were to compare the revenues from box office earnings Im almos positive the movies filled with blood and guts earn much more than other movies. (Disney is the only exception I can think of off the top of my head !!!) Naturally, if a person in the movie industry knows this will make them mega bucks , they will continue to make movies like this to make more money. Tarantino tends to slide in a little racism in his flicks. Its pretty obvious its not the main topic, but it is apparent. Hopper was unique when he told the Sicilian guy his great, great, great, great grandmother had slept with a nigger and thats why he had dark skin and brown eyes. I think Hopper knew he was a goner and wanted to insult the hell out of the guy before he died !!!!! He was so casual about the whole thing. He just sat back smoking the dudes cigarette and blasting his family. There are so many people who say this kind of movie affects people in a negative way. They think it has an impact on criminal behavior. Thats bullshit. I have seen violence in movies and on television and I havent had the smallest inkling to go out and kill anyone or anything. I believe if a person has it in them to commit these kinds of acts they will do it regardless of what they see on T.V. or in the movies.Their moral upbringing or lack of one would be a bigger contributing factor than viewing a movie. Movies are made to entertain. The social issues they touch on are just that, issues. The controversy they create comes solely from the opinions of the viewers. Isnt that half the fun of watching a controversial movie? It gives our minds food for thought. It affords us the opportunity to discuss what we have seen with our friends. We can learn from listening to how other people perceive things. THAT is what makes a movie great !!!!

SAT Sample Questions Every Single Question Type Explained

SAT Sample Questions Every Single Question Type Explained SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips In delving into the world of test prep, you've probably uncovered a whole slew of unfamiliar terms describing the various question types featuredon the SAT. This jargon- improving sentences, identifying sentence errors, extended reasoning, literal comprehension- tends to feel extremely off-putting. Why all the lingo? Why all these divisions and subdivisions by topic and type? Well, this guide will explain the logic behind the different terms and walk you through every single question type, with real SAT sample questions. As you know, there are three types of sections on the SAT: reading, writing, and math. Each section has its own breakdown of major question types, all detailed below. Read on to discover exactly what types of questions you'll encounter on the SAT and get lots of sample SAT questions. What's the big idea? Because you don't want to spend any precious time on interpreting directionscometest day, you should make sure to familiarize yourself withthe standard instructionson the SAT. Each question type hasitsown set of instructions, so it's important to know how to approach eachone efficiently. It's also useful tounderstand what skills each task is designed to test: not only what content is covered but also how you're expected to apply your knowledge. Reading The reading section is divided into two main categories: sentence completions and reading passages. Let's go through the different types of questions you'll see for each with sample SAT reading questions. Sentence completions You should know right off the bat that this task will be gone when the SAT redesign takes effect in 2016. For now, though, it's an important component of the test. Out of 67 reading questions, 19 are sentence completions. You'll be faced with a series of incomplete and unrelated sentences, each one missing a word or two. Your mission (should you choose to accept it or not) is to choose the word or words that will best round out eachsentence. The sentence completion category of questions can be further subdivided one of two ways: one-blank vs. two-blank sentence completions, or vocab-based vs. logic-based sentence completions. Note that these are two separate systems of organization; a question will have either one blank or two, and it will test either vocab or logic. Remember these? Yes, that's right...the SAT is a cruel, cruel game of Mad Libs. One-blank sentence completions These are classic, prototypical sentence completions. One word (or, occasionally, one very short phrase) has been removed from the sentence. Two-blank sentence completions These questions contain the added layer of a second missing word (or phrase). Vocab-based questions These questions are designed specifically to test your understanding of words- often obscure ones. The sentences are fairly straightforward, and the test hands you definitions or descriptions of the missing terms. Often, a simple independent clauseis linked by a comma or colon to a phrase that reiterates the very same information. "Elementary, my dear Watson." (Sherlock Holmes) Logic-based questions The sentences featured in these questions have many more twists and turns. The vocabulary may be basic or more complex, but either way you're not likely to find any definitions handed to you. The point is to see if you can infer the meaning of the sentence without the help of the most crucial content words. It's common to see words that imply a contrast or contradiction, such asbut, while, although, or despite, in this type of sentence. Great! So...how do I deal with these? For any given question, if you're already familiar with all of the words, examine the logic of the sentence carefully. Be on the lookout for crucial structure words, especially those that signal a contrast or contradiction.Eliminate any answer that contains a word that doesn't fit. Continue to narrow down until you have your answer. But what if you don't know all of the words? There are ways to work with that! In fact, check out this great article on how to attack sentence completion questions strategically without swallowing a thesaurus. Passages Out of 67 reading questions, 48 are passage-based. There are single passages that stand alone and double passages presented as pairs. Passages vary considerably in length, from about 100 to about 850 words. Questions fall into three main categories: extended reasoning, literal comprehension, and vocabulary in context. Extended reasoning These questions are aimed at assessing your global understanding of passages. There are five basic types of extended reasoning question: Big picture questions ask explicitly about a passage's main idea or primary purpose. Check out our complete guide to mastering big picturequestions. Inference questions ask you to make inferences based on information suggested by, but not explicitly stated in, a passage. Check out our complete guide to mastering inference questions. Function questions ask you to figure out how a specific portionof the passage functions as part of the whole. Check out our complete guide to mastering function questions. Author technique questions ask about the use of literary devices in the passage. Check out our complete guide to mastering author technique questions. Analogy questions ask you to draw an analogy between ideas expressed in the passage and ideas drawn from another source. Check out our complete guide to mastering analogy questions. You have all the pieces to the puzzle; it's just a matter of fitting them together. Literal comprehension These questions test your understanding of information that's given directly in the passage. You'll be asked to refer to a specific point in the passage and select the answer that best explains that portion of the text. Basically, you won't have to go beyond what's written, though you will have to recognize the same information restated in different ways. You can also check out our complete guide to mastering literal comprehension questions. Vocabulary in context These questions test your vocabulary, including your understanding of secondary or nonstandard definitions of words. For instance, "bright" could refer to a luminescent object in one scenario and toa clever child in another. The good news is that you havecontext to help you figure out how the word is being used in any particular passage. For more information, check out our complete guide to mastering vocabulary in context questions. Great! So...how do I deal with these? I wish there were a one-size-fits-all formula for the SAT reading passages. I really do. Unfortunately, though, that's not the case. Some people prefer to give the passage a thorough read, then attack the questions. Others like to give the questions a quick skim before they pick apart the passage. As you consider what strategies might serve you best, definitely check out our detailed guide to reading passages on the SAT. That's SAT reading for you, in a nutshell. Don't stop there, though; there's much more to learn. Be sure to check out our complete guide to the entire reading section. Writing Before we delve too far into writing, I need to offer a disclaimer. The writing section of the SAT is getting a complete makeover starting in 2016. The information below refers to its current iteration. If you're preparing for the new test, head on over to our complete guide to the redesigned SAT. For now, however, there are four types of writing tasks: the essay and three varieties of multiple choice questions. Those are called identifying sentence errors, improving sentences, and improving paragraphs. We'll give you a bunch of sample SAT writing questions. Yes, anonymous pen-wielder; yes, you are. Essay As you are probably aware, there is precisely one essay question on the SAT. It accounts for 30% of your writing score. Generally speaking, SAT essay prompts are quite broad and philosophical. You need to take a stance on some issue and defend it. Essay prompts can be divided into a few different categories: Morality questions ask you to comment on an issue of right and wrong and evaluate possible human behaviors. Opinions and values questions ask you to weigh in on which of two options is inherently better than its counterpart. Success and achievement questions ask you to discuss different routes to and implications of human accomplishment. Society and culture questions ask about the status of today's human world. Knowledge, learning, and creativity questions ask you to assess some aspect of wisdom or growth. Counterintuitive statement questions ask you to discuss the viability of a seemingly paradoxical suggestion. Cause and effect questions ask you to gauge whether one reality results from another or not. If you're interested in a more detailed discussion of these categories, check out our article dedicated to examples of each type or our comprehensive list of what you might encounter on the test. There will always be a brief quotation or commentary included to help contextualize the debate, followed by an explicit question. Great! So...how do I deal with these? One thing to know is that, while the quotation may be helpful in getting your creative juices flowing, it's not a necessary component of your essay. The key to a high-scoring essay is a thesis that takes a strong stance on the issue at hand. You'll also want a handful of concreteexamples from your own life, from history, from literature, from current events, from pop culture...from anywhere, really, as long as they ground your argument in good, solid evidence. There's a lot more to know about crafting the essay, so be sure to check out our articles dedicated to the topic. Start with our step-by-step breakdown of the writing process. Then consider reading advice on how to get a 12 on the SAT essayor tips on improving your essay score. Rosie the Riveter's lesser known twin, Gertie the Grammarian. Multiple choice Multiple choice questions account for the other 70% of your writing score. The first two multiple choice tasks, identifying sentence error and improving sentences, test the same basic topics. These are discussed in depth in our article on the content of the SAT writing section. Identifying sentence errors There are 18 of these questions on the test. You're going to see a series of sentences. In each sentence, four words or short phrases will be underlined. At the end of each sentence you'll see the phrase, "No error". Anything that's underlined is a potential error and corresponds to an answer choice. There will never be more than one mistake in a sentence, and there will never be a mistake that isn't underlined. Your job is to find the mistake (if there is one). If there's no mistake, choose "No error": this applies to about one question out of every six. Great! So...how do I deal with these? These questions tend to be the quickest grammar problems, so it's a good idea to knock themout first. Read the full sentence. Does anything leap out as grammatically wrong? Is it underlined? If nothing strong strikes you as an obvious error, look at each underlined word or phrase and think about what it's likely to be testing. Remember: problems with verbs are most common, followed by problems with pronouns. For a more thorough exploration of these techniques, check out our full article on identifying sentence errors strategies. Improving sentences There are 25 of these questions on the test. Once again, you're going to see a series of sentences. In each sentence, one word or phrase will be underlined (or maybe even the entire sentence). The underlined portion of the sentence contains a potential error. Your job is to choose, from among the answer choices, the most suitable alternative to the underlined phrase. Choice A is always an exact replication of the original phrasing; it's like the "No error" option for this task and applies to about one question out of every six. Great! So...how do I deal with these? Be aware that these questions take a little more time than identifying sentence errors. But note that the last section of the test contains only improving sentences questions and nothing else, so you can't always opt to save them for later. Read the full sentence. Does anything leap out as grammatically wrong? If so, how would you correct it? Look for an answer choice similar to what you anticipated. If the sentence seems all right on a first read, though, examine the underlined portion of the sentence and try to figure out what it's likely to be testing. Still not finding anything? If time permits, try placing each answer choice in the context of the sentence and reading it over again. For a more thorough exploration of these techniques, check out our full article on improving sentences strategies. Improving paragraphs There are 6 of these questions on the test. This task is rather similar to improving sentences; however, some questions ask for a broader analysis of the passage. In other words, you need to think about the big picture as well as the nitty-gritty details. There are seven sub-categories of improving paragraphs questions. Note that not all seven will be on any given test. Improving sentences questions are, as you might suspect, just like normal improving sentences questions. Transition questions ask about creating the smoothest, most logical flow from one point to the next; often, it's a question of a single word or two. Organization questions ask you to move around the sentences within a passage. Conciseness questions rely on the idea that shorter is sweeter on the SAT, as long as no crucial information is left out. Meaning and purpose questions ask about why the author wrote a particular portion of the passage in a specific way or about the major idea behind the passage as a whole. Eliminating and adding sentences questions ask about the value of inserting or deleting information. Specificity questions askyou to recognize that sometimes the author's initial word choice can be improved upon by making the diction of the passage more precise. Great! So...how do I deal with these? First, skim the passage. This is not an in-depth read: just a quick gander to get the general gist. Mark anything that seems really off: grammar errors, transitions that don't make sense, etc. Next, dive into the questions! Don't be afraid to look back at the passage frequently to reestablish a sense of context. Also, remember to check out our article on the absolute best strategies for approaching this task. And that's SAT writing. It's really just the tip of the test prep iceberg, though, so be sure to look at our complete guide to the entire writing section. Math First and foremost, math questions come in two basic varieties: student-produced response questions, or grid-ins, and multiple choice questions. I'll show you sample SAT math questions for each. Student-produced response questions There are 10 of these questions. What makes them unique is that there are no answer choices provided to you; you must write down and bubble in your response. It's a relatively easy process, but I'm going to break it down for you, step by step- just in case you're curious. You can grid in whole numbers, decimals, and fractions ranging in value from 0 to 9999. You can't grid in negative numbers or mixed numbers,but improper fractions are okay. There are four boxes in a row at the top of the grid: write your answer in those boxes, one digit or symbol per box. Underneath each box is a column containing a series of bubbles, each representing a digit or other character as printed within the bubble. Fill in the bubble that corresponds to what you wrote in the box at the top of each column. You can write your answer starting in any column, space permitting- it doesn't matter whether you're aligned to the left or to the right. Leave any columns you're not using totally blank. Multiple choice questions Yep, these are just your standard, run-of-the-mill, multiple choice questions. There are 44 of them. There are four main categories of math questions, all of which are eligible to be tested by multiple choice or by grid-in: Numbers and operations Algebra and functions Geometry and measurement Data analysis, statistics, and probability Numbers and operations There are 11-13 of these questions. They cover topics like properties of integers, number lines, and elementary number theory, etc. Definitely check out our articles on integers, sequences, and fractions and ratios. Algebra and functions There are a whopping 19-21 of these questions. They cover topics like systems of equations, functions, and quadratic factoring, etc. Take a look at our articles on single variable equations, systems of equations, and functions. Geometry and measurement There are 14-16 of these questions. They cover topics like triangles, circles, and coordinate geometry, etc. Be sure you read our articles on triangles, polygons, circles, lines and angles, lines and slopes, and solid geometry. Data analysis, statistics, and probability There are 6-7 of these questions. They cover topics such as statistics, elementary probability, and geometric probability, etc. Don't forget to take a look at our articles on statistics and probability. Great! So...how do I deal with these? Make sure you understand the question. One of the toughest things about the SAT is its frequently deceptive wording. Check your assumptions at the door. Remember that drawings are not to scale and avoid jumping to conclusions. Always identify your own personal best method of solving. There's more than one way to solve a problem, and math can get creative; it's not a one-size-fits-all scenario. Keep track of your work- write it down! Also, use your calculator judiciously. It's a great tool, but it can be dangerous to rely on it too much. Try plugging in an answer or another sensible value if you're not comfortable proceeding algebraically. Take a moment to review our articles on how and when to plug in answer choices and how and when to plug in other values. Review and practice mathematical concepts on a regular basis. A good place to start is our complete guide to SAT math content. What's next? Now that you understand the kinds of problems you'll be facing, it's time to brush up on the content of the test and establisha regular practice regimen. Not convinced of how important this process can be? We have articles that specifically address whyyou need to prepare for the SAT and how many hours you should expect to commit, as well as the bigger picture of how long the process is going to take. Are you ready to get started? Get answers to your questions about when you should start studying, creating a study plan as a sophomore or junior, and creating a study plan as a rising senior. Not sure how to set a goal score? Read our article on deciding where to set your sights for the SAT. If you'd like help identifying which types of questions need the most work and how you can drill them, you may wish to consider a program with PrepScholar. Want to improve your SAT score by 160points?We've written a guide about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Summary of an article that discusses how microsoft office is being Essay

Summary of an article that discusses how microsoft office is being used in Nursing - Essay Example These devices are larger than a mobile telephone but smaller than a laptop computer. The authors note that there is an increasing tendency for nurses to be required to use microsoft applications for such tasks as making list, accessing clinical reference materials, writing progress notes, and referring to protocols etc. The advantages of mobile devices with this software include a decrease in medical errors, because mobile notes are more reliable than memory, and an increase in self-efficacy for the students. This is important in nursing because even students have a busy working day and deal with heavy demands in terms of holding and using information. It transpired that stundents could quite easily transfer skills from desktop computing, such as word processing and spreadsheets. Knowing Windows and how it works was a big help in giving the students confidence with the new devices. One hindrance in the use of microsoft technology in a clinical setting is that many hostpitals do not p ermit the use of wireless equipment near patients because of the possibility of interference with medical equipment.

Community Health Promotion Tool Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Community Health Promotion Tool - Assignment Example There are populations that are at risk of getting the heart disease quickly which are male with a history of the heart disease in their family as well as increase in age. Older people are at high risk of getting the disease than the younger population (Topol and Califf, 2007). The population being targeted by this summary research is the African American male over the age of 65 years as they are the ones whose death statistics from the coronary heart diseases has been on the increase in the last decade. This population is at risk because of their gender, their race, and lack of physical activities, unhealthy eating habits, their high blood pressure and above all their high increase in diabetes (Topol and Califf, 2007). The African American male at this age of over 65 years believe themselves to be invincible to any health problems and they therefore engage in reckless eating habits. They already have their families and hence are not looking out to improve their appearance or impress the females by going to the gym and exercising as is the norm with the younger generation. This population at this age has children who are in their mid-twenties and thirties and most of them are not turning out the way they are supposed to. For elderly male whose children have retorted to crime and prostitution and others who have neglected their parental duties, their high blood pressure seems to be on the increase ever. With the increased high blood pressure combined with diabetes from the bad healthy choices combine with reckless eating habits and lack of exercise, these population develops the coronary heart disease faster than any other population group and it kills them faster as well. Their cultural beliefs do not pay special attention to seeking constant medical attention as prevention techniques or carrying out regular medical

An HIV Symptom Management Intervention for African-American mothers Essay

An HIV Symptom Management Intervention for African-American mothers - Essay Example The main purpose of this study was to "determine the efficacy of an HIV self-care symptom management intervention in reducing emotional distress and improving health among low income African American mothers with HIV." The study was based on the Maternal HIV Self-Care Symptom Management framework. The framework was adapted from the University of California-San Francisco model for symptom management as well as the current literature and studies on African-American women with HIV. As in most studies, a control and an intervention group were formed. In both groups, the HIV infected African-American women reported low income and were mothers of at least one child under the age of 9. 17 grandmothers were also involved in this study, 8 of which were placed in the intervention group. In the intervention group, the implemented procedures regarding the Maternal HIV Self-Care Symptom Management framework were the same for all subjects. The procedures regarding data collection were also the same. Data was collected during 3 data collection points: once during the enrollment of the patients in the clinics, and twice primarily in their homes. Between data collection points, the mothers were telephoned twice, in order to help with retention.

Migrant Workers in Dubais Development

Migrant Workers in Dubais Development Migrant Workers and the Development of Dubai. Introduction Dubai is part of the United Arab Emirates (UAE), one of the seven emirates that make up the UAE. Dubai attracts millions of visitors for both business and pleasure each year. Dubai is a relatively new city. The last 30 years have seen mass construction as can clearly be seen from the pictures of Sheikh Zayed Road at Annex 1 and from the NASA pictures at Annex 2. As in any developing city numerous construction cranes dot the horizon. Dubai is very much a tale of two cities†¦ the stunning modern city and the workers subject to labour conditions of those in the dark ages. Dubai has achieved economic success due to both its abundance of natural resource and because of its tax free shopping but at whose expense and with what future potential problems has this stunning modern city emerged? While Dubai has emerged as a global city, hosting sporting events and conferences and attracting both media attention and the attention of the rich and famous for its beautiful buildings, villas and apartment, criticism of their treatment of immigrant workers and of human rights violations have also emerged. This essay looks at who is operating those cranes, the people who are building this new, ultra modern city and examines the Government’s policy towards them. The first section provides a demographic profile of the population of Dubai. The second section looks at the socio-economic stratifications that exist in Dubai and the potential here for conflict, particularly in relation to the migrant workers. The third section looks at some of the UAE Government policy towards migrants, in particular it looks at the issue of human rights examines the criticisms of human rights violations. In conclusion it is argued that if the Government of the United Arab Emirates does not act to support and protect and integrate the people that are building their leading city then there is potential for great repercussions. The fast urban development that followed the 1971 federation completely changed the character of Dubai. The local citizens now represent only a minority of the population of which the great majority consists of immigrants from different societies with different planning ideologies (Haggag, 2003). The Table below clearly details this with 83.02% of the total population of Dubai being foreign born. The cultural and economic implications of this are discussed in the following section. Dubai Metropolitan Statistical Area Foreign Born – 2005 (http://www.gstudynet.org/gum/UAE/Dubai2005.htm, 31/03/07) Country of Birth Population % of Foreign Born % of Total Population India 538,560 51% 42.34% Pakistan 168,960 16% 13.28% Arab (from SW Asia and North Africa) 116,160 11% 9.13% Bangladesh 95,040 9% 7.47% Philippines 31,680 3% 2.49% Sri Lanka 19,008 1.8% 1.49% Europe 11,616 1.1% 0.91% USA 3,168 0.3% 0.25% Other Countries 71,808 6.8% 5.65% Total Foreign Born 1,056,000 100% 83.02% Total Population* 1,272,000 Source: Ministry of Labor (2005 Statistics) * 2004 Estimate, UAE in Figures (www.uae.gov.ae/mop?UAE_figure/UAE_%2004_files/sheet001.htm) There are very distinct cultural (social) and economic stratifications in Dubai. Nicholson describes this as the ‘Dubai sandwich: at the bottom, cheap and exploited Asian labour; in the middle, white northern professional services, plus tourist hunger for glamour in the sun and†¦ at the top, enormous quantities of invested oil money, combined with fearsome social and political control’ (Nicolson, 2006) Although a Muslim emirate, Dubai has largely developed upon Western lines. large-scale projects have been imported and implemented by western professionals, using their own modern building technologies. Many practical decisions, which ultimately affect the structure of society, education and administration systems, and the shaping of the physical environment, are taken largely according to western ideologies. In many cases, major planning policies, development strategies, and even legal codes follow western models (Haggag, 2003). Arab cities are fundamentally laid out differently to western ones and the impact of western planning ideologies on the traditional pattern of Arab cities has been significant. There is a cultural dichotomy between western and Arabic. The complex pattern of architectural concept and style, the development of building processes, are all impacted by changes in socio-economic, political and cultural development (Haggag, 2003). As a result Dubai is a Westernised city in an Arabic state. This is true culturally as well as bars and restaurants serve alcohol, women are free to go out alone (not usual in most Arabic countries). There is concern over this but herein lies the crux of the issue for Dubai how can a minority ideology rule? Dubai has strict policy on public behaviour, it is an arrest able offence for a man and woman to kiss in public and it’s an offence do dress inappropriately during Ramadan. Recently there has been debate in Dubai about the problems associated with multiculturalism in Dubai. (Fattah 19/10/06) Western liberalism in terms of dress combined with the traditional Muslim beliefs in the Arab country does not sit well together. Indeed Dubai can be seen as the place where Huntington’s Clash of Civilisations is actually in one country (Huntingdon, 1993). How can Dubai balance the Arabic beliefs with what would become a cultural melting pot based on the multi-ethnic composition of it’s populace. Haggag g ives an excellent account of this dichotomy explaining that the adoption of Western concepts and ideologies in the cultural domain contradict the traditional way of life and yet although a driving a concern in most modern Arabic societies, there has been little debate about the potential conflicts arising from this situation. Dubai is catering to the needs of the rich Western investor and needs to find a balance with the more traditional Arab way of life in order to prevent any future conflict. There is a clear economic stratification in the ethnic groups in Dubai also. ‘Locals are typically owners, Westerners earn the top salaries and South Asians do the menial labor’. (Fattah, 19/10/06) Locals will remain owners, as non-locals cannot buy land in Dubai. The inequality in pay in itself has potential for conflict as the workers cannot be part of the city that they themselves are helping to create. ‘An army of some 250,000 men, largely from India and Pakistan, are labouring to create the new glimmer fantasy, earning on average  £150 a month, and living in camps, four to a room, 12ft by 12ft, hidden away in the industrial quarters of al Quoz. One night in one of the luxury hotels would cost six months wages of one of the men who built it.’(Nicolson, 2006) Government Policy towards Migrant Workers With regards to citizenship there are strict regulations, foreigners are ineligible for citizenship therefore preventing Dubai from becoming a cultural melting pot even though it has been built by non-residents. Given that there are no means of gaining permanent residency in Dubai (or any of the other Emirates) the UAE Government has ruled that anyone born in the UAE takes on the nationality as their father and not that of the UAE. So should all those currently in Dubai remain there the ethnic make up will not change and the Arabs will remain a minority group in their own country. In the period since 1971, public policy in Dubai has been characterised by a rush to construct. In order to do so it needed people to do the construction and so to sustain and enable the growth desired by the Government in Dubai thousands of migrant workers have come to the emirate. While the influx of people into Dubai and the construction has happened rapidly, there has been concern over the implementation of thought out and effective urban policy, or in other words policy development has not been in line with the development of the skyline of Dubai. There have been some reforms introduced but they have been met with opposition from the construction and business communities. In 2005 the Government put limits on when workers could work during the hottest months of July and August after an increase in heat related injuries and fined companies who did not allow for an afternoon break between 12.30pm and 4.30pm. This resulted in a lot of companies just paying the fines. (Human Rights Watch Report, 2007 p. 45) A new draft labour law from the UAE has been criticised for failing to meet international standards, for example it does not protect the workers right to strike in fact it punishes those workers who do strike. If Dubai and the rest of the UAE do not act to improve the treatment and rights of migrant workers they face potential for conflict not only from workers revolting but also increased international pressure, for a developing first class world city they need to balance the needs of the development with the needs of the peopl e who are helping to make the development dreams real. Dubai is quite unique in that its indigenous population are a minority ethnic group. The Governments policy and desire of rapid urbanisation and a first class world city brought with it an influx of cheap migrant labour, thus changing the ethnic demographic of the emirate. As this essay has shown this has not come without problems and unless effective policies are put in place there is great potential for further clashes along the different, interlinked stratifications that exist in society in Dubai. One of the most pressing issues facing the Government and of course those affected is that of human rights violations. Although this essay has shown that the Government has taken some steps towards addressing human rights abuses, those steps have not been big enough nor have they covered enough ground. The Government needs to find a balance between their needs and those of the people who are building their vision. Bibliography and references: Fattah, H. M., (04/12/05) ‘Young Iranians Follow Dreams to Dubai’ The New York Times Haggag, M.A. (2003) The western influence on traditional Arab cities: With particular reference to Dubai, UAE Sustainable Planning and Development, pp. 801-811 Nicolson A, (13/02/06) ‘Boom town’ The Guardian United Nations (1990) International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families Human Rights Watch Report (2006) Swept Under the Rug, Abuses against Domestic Workers Around the World ,Volume 18, Number 7(C) Human Rights Watch Report (2006) Building Towers, Cheating Workers, United Nations Human Rights Commission   Human Rights Watch Report (2007) World Report UAE, United Nations Human Rights Commission Huntingdon, S. (1993) The Clash of Civilizations? Foreign Affairs pp. 22-49   Websites www.gstudynet.org/gum Globalisation Urbanisation Migration http://hrw.org/english/docs/2006/01/18/uae12233.htm Human Rights Watch

The Newport Coast Structure :: Architecture Architects Building Essays

The Newport Coast Structure The Newport Coast structure that sits on the corner of Pacific Coast Highway and Newport Coast Dr. is one of many examples of Mediterranean-inspired architecture in Southern California. The building is clearly influenced by Roman architecture and stands out among the standard Spanish-looking villas and mission-type buildings. The structure lies near one of California's wealthiest neighborhoods, Newport Beach and acts as sort of a grand entrance to Newport Coast Dr. There are two of these structures which sit on opposite sides of Newport Coast Dr., framed by only a few palm trees and evergreens. Drivers passing along Southern California's coastline can catch a quick glimpse of these impressive buildings. The Newport Coast structure is constructed of concrete and painted a light beige. Eight thick columns support the extremely large entablature-like face of the structure. As architecture in a typically conservative Orange County, the Newport Coast structure dominates its surroundings. The Newport Coast structure is clearly a representation of Roman architecture in general, but more specifically, the sturdy columns and enlarged entablatures are reminiscent of the Tuscan order. Although the simplified columns may at first glance appear to be rather doric in their style, upon closer inspection they prove to be more similar to the less renowned Tuscan order. This in fact, does not diminish the influence the doric temples of Greek architecture had on the Etruscan invention of the Tuscan temple, but rather demonstrates yet again how one culture can inspire another artistically. The Tuscan order refers to "the variation that resembles the doric order, with an unfluted shaft and a simplified base, capital, and entablature" (Stokstad, 227). Like architecture of the Tuscan order, the Newport Coast structure's entablature is very plain and geometric in its form. The Tuscan order was originally used by the Etruscans around the time of 700-509 BCE and was later adopted by the Romans. Even though the Newport Coast structure and the Tuscan temple function differently in terms of public use, for the Tuscan temple was used by the Etruscans for religious purposes, their appearances prove to be strikingly similar. Not only does the Newport Coast structure resemble architecture of the Tuscan order, it makes use of the Roman round arch as well. The round arch in the Newport Coast structure has elements that are very similar to the Roman round arch. Outlined by wedge-shaped voussoirs, it looks like a simpler, more modern version of the Arch of Constantine.

Dispute Summary

Introduction This paper will concentrate on a dispute that occurred in a company where my friend worked. The dispute has been resolved informally and has never resulted in any form of legal process such as grievance, agency complaint, arbitration, or litigation. The management of the company succeeded in using effectively the services of a third-party mediator, applying the so-called Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR). We will examine the effectiveness of the dispute resolution process, given the seriousness and the length of the dispute.The start of the disputeThe dispute was originated due to the computer fraud by the company's employees. The company is a medium-size local grocery store chain. The management discovered that employees of the accounting department were sometimes skipping booking some of the transactions, selling in this way some of the stuff they traded on their own. In this way they developed a business of their own, in fact using the company's premises. When the store manager discovered this practice, he decided to take the fraudulent employees to court, claiming a compensation of the lost revenue and profits.However, the chief executive of the branch suggested that the conflict can be resolved without costly litigation, offering that the employees who had perpetrated the fraud compensate the losses. Analysis of the dispute The dispute appeared between several stakeholders in the firm. It evolved on the level employee-supervisor, and in fact involved three separate levels such as rank-and-file employees (accountants), and top management (chief executive officer of the company). The subject was the dispute was the punishment that the employees should get for their fraud.Dispute Resolution Process The dispute was resolved through the application of Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR). The management of the firm invited a third-party mediator. The mediating firm, Legal Solutions, opened the mediation process with a joint session where they in vited all the participants in the conflict. Namely, all project managers and department heads were present, as well as representatives of the other employees. In these meetings, the mediator also asked the parties’ representatives to put forward their suggestions for the solution of the issue.Then the mediator once again held meetings with parties separately seeking to inform each party of the other’s solutions. The lead mediator has worked out his own solution for the dispute and offered it for both parties’ consideration. The working proposition was discussed and accepted by the parties. Subsequently, the dispute resolution process ended with signing a detailed written agreement by both parties.Assessment of the effectiveness of the dispute resolution processI would say that this dispute was resolved in a very speedy and efficient manner as it was resolved in less than two weeks. The ending of the process without resort to formal procedures like arbitration or litigation can also be considered a success for the project. The process ended with the decision that employees paid the sum that exceeded the losses of the company in the double amount. They benefited from such a decision as their case was not taken to court, and they did not have their reputations marred by the lawsuit.All of the fraudsters had to resign, but kept a clean record. The company, on its part, saved on the litigation expenses, and received the needed compensation. Conclusion The dispute related to fraud in the grocery store has been resolved effectively and in a timely manner. This effectiveness was reached through the involvement of a third party, a mediator, who brought his expertise and skill to the mediation table opening new channels of communication and helped to achieve a lasting accord among the firm’s employees.

Dance Jazz

Dance Jazz Education is a tiny seed that needs to be nurtured and cared for so it can grow and blossom into a big strong tree that can withstand even the toughest storms. This was shown to be true even in dance class this semester for me. Through dance I find a sense of pride and satisfaction that I don't think anyone could understand or appreciate. Even when I mess up or it takes me three weeks to get something right, I still enjoy dancing and everything it has taught me. You have been one of the best instructors I have had in dance. I really enjoyed your class.This semester I have learned that I need to have more self-confidence. I have learned that I can do things I didn't think I could. I have learned that practicing really does help. I learn best by doing things over and over. I am a very hands-on type of learner.Scene at square dance in rural home in McIntosh Co...I need to be able to do more than just see or hear something before I can fully understand it.Dancing had been an important pa rt of my life for more than ten years. When I was four years old my mom had enrolled me in my first dance class. I really enjoyed it and continued to take classes almost every year. In high school I decided to join the drill team. It was ok at first, but then the instructor changed and it just wasn't fun any more so at the end of football season my junior year I quit the team. This was my first dance class since quitting drill team. I thought it would be a lot harder to go back to dancing than it has been. I didn't really remember much of the technique, and it has...

World War II essays

World War II essays Isolationism, policy of not interfering with any other country, was Americas attitude toward the international politics, even after World War I. When the European countries declared war on each other, starting World War II, America wanted to stay out of the conflict. But, America was suddenly and deliberately attacked.. by the Empire of Japan, leaving it with no other choice than to declare war on Japan. No matter what the reason was for U.S ultimate involvement, it gave hope to many people to stop Hitler, Mussolini, and Hideki. The declaring of war meant that young people had to leave the American homeland. With already enough problems caused by the Great Depression, the drafting of soldiers meant more trouble for the families. The survival of the families without the male figure, brought a lot of hardships and changes in the American families. First of all, men were the primary source of income for the family, and due to the drafting they had to go serve their country. So, obviously, the responsibility of feeding and keeping up the families came on to the government and the ladies of the house. Often, it was not possible to meet the needs of a relatively big family. So, consequentially, women started to work and run the family. During WWII the women labor force jumped to more than eighteen million. They worked in the shipyards, lumber mills, steel mills, foundries. They are welders, electricians, mechanics, and even boilermakers. They operated streetcars, buses, cranes, and tractors. Women engineers were working in the drafting rooms and women physicists and chemists in the great industrial laboratories. Furthermore, more than three million women voluntarily worked for the American Red Cross. This was not possible when the men were the principle source of income. There two advantages of women working; one is that the fami ly is supported, and the other is that the American government got much needed h...

Why some countries have developed and are not and have not Essay

Why some countries have developed and are not and have not - Essay Example In practice, economic development focuses on starting of economic operation in a region, expansion as well as retention and starting of new business within a region. Countries across the world can be divided into two groups developed and developing countries. United Nations does not give any definition for developed or developing country. But there are some parameters which are used to divide the countries into two different groups. The topic ‘why some countries are developed and why some are not’ is a widely discussed topic among the economists around the world. Scholars have expressed divergent views about the reasons for development and underdevelopment. We should not forget the fact that there is no single factor for development or underdevelopment but it is interplay of various factors. There is a huge disparity in the living standards in the developed and developing countries. It is estimated that around one billion people i.e. one fifth of the world population earns less than $1.00 a day. UN World Development Report 1998 says the aggregate Gross Domestic Products of the worlds 48 poorest countries is less than combined assets of world’s three richest people. According to Forbes Magazines, combined net worth of 358 billionaires is equal to the aggregate income of the bottom 45% of the world’s population. It is also estimated that due to starvation or preventable infections disease around 35,000 children under the age of five die every day. The problems of poverty, growing inequality and hunger are becoming worse despite huge global economic growth over the past 50 years. So it is very important to analyze reasons for development and underdevelopment. Research is a human activity based on intellectual investigation and aimed at discovering, interpreting, as well as predicting the different aspects of study. To analyze the causes for development and under development is slightly difficult as the scholars have given different reasons for it.

Company profile Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Company profile - Coursework Example This individual would be old enough to own a credit card that is mandatory for making the purchases and is adventurous to try out new products/services because these make up most of the discounted offers. Groupons’ success so far Groupon.com has carved out a unique market space, considering that it offers diverse products and services, which differentiates it from traditional retailers: both brick-and-mortar and pure-play. Its major strengths are its brand as the trailblazer, its huge market presence, and its large financial backing of about US$ 1.2 billion. Groupon’s greatest opportunity is in the ease with which it can extend its service to more cities throughout the world. In fact, the company is currently leveraging its brand by extending its offering to willing collaborators through its Groupon Affiliate Program. The macro-environmental climate appears favorable for Groupon.com. The possible difficulties that it may have encountered due to political, legal, social, cultural and technological issues have for a greater part been addressed by other major online retailers such as Amazon.com and E-bay. Secondly, the fact that the world is emerging from an economic recession, consumers are more keen to watch on their expenses and as such it would not be foolhardy to anticipate an increased market for coupon / discount / bargain shoppers who would appreciate Groupon’s value proposition. However, as Gans (2) points out, Groupon’s prospects for long-term success are not guaranteed. Groupon’s unsecure future Groupon.com’s success has spawned numerous clones across the globe which Gans (2) estimates to be 400 competitors so far. The organization’s greatest weakness is that its business model is easy to replicate and even perfect. This makes Groupon’s first-mover competitive advantage difficult to sustain. Moreover, the low barriers to entry may make it tempting for some of the company’s suppliers to c ontemplate integrating forwards. We cannot also neglect the threat posed by the big Internet companies such as Google, Facebook, and Amazon that have the resources necessary to acquire rival coupon companies and enter the industry. One of Groupon’s major strategic blunders was not to have taken the purported $6 billion bid from Google when it had the chance (Gans 2). Other than its leadership in having a big solid base of accounts, every other aspect of Groupon’s business is easily replicable. Furthermore, the company’s US$ 1.2 billion current financial base is meager in comparison to, say, Facebook or Amazon, if they decided to acquire one of Groupon’s rivals and enter this new industry. The coupon industry is at a point where the early Internet companies where before the shakeout in the early 1990s. Groupon’s rejection of the Google offer could be viewed as a strategic blunder because Groupon.com could have utilized not only the cash injection but other resources available to Google to explore, discover and build a sustainable competitive advantage. Groupon.com’s current strategy may not be able to ensure that the organization retains its current industry leadership status. For starters, with 400 competitors, most of who are beginning to focus on niches such as city or through their offerings, consumer power continues to increase. Moreover, the information-rich Internet gives customers an edge when it boils down to selecting a coupon

Perspectives of Ageing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Perspectives of Ageing - Essay Example Racism, on the other hand, is related to class of people who feel discriminated in certain nation and society based on their ethnic origin and skin color or upbringing. Every nation evolves certain policies to support the senior citizens or aging population within their region .They also help support the minority to help them integrate with mainstream population. Thus many theories and policies have been formulated to enhance the life of aging population and to control the negative impacts of racism within community. The report examines the issues of aging and racism, which exists in a small suburban town in India, and the two interviews were conducted with informed consent .To balance the nature of participation one female and one male member was chosen. This gender bias is very apparent and so is class bias reflected from the interviews. The issues elated to racism and ageing can take many forms of social issue which changes its flavor based on the country of origin. The issues are there, and it needs to be addressed in the light of the national policies and theories, and constitutional rights of the citizens. This issue needs to be approached from wider perspective, from local level, national level and international level. The issues are that health and economics needs should be addressed along with the social issues, which are apparent in the aging population. The interviews conducted reveal that the issues of aging and racism are mainly connected to health, economic and social interactivity. These are the issue which impact everyday life events. These are global issues which are prevalent in every country. The increasing life expectancy has led to increasing number of aged population over 60 years of age. This aging population is growing number is impacting the reconsideration on the national level and constitutional level, with new policy implementation, and the need for new set of rights which can guarantee them support and protection in unusual circumstance. The exploding need for new consideration has been the strongly recognized by the health policies, socioeconomic development plans and economic policies which can provide maximum provision to this group with regard to health and functional capacity. This has been done in consideration for the betterment of their social participation and economic security. These are some of the new challenges of the emerging society. Ageing: Since my interview is related to people from developing countries, who are residing in UK , but originally from India, it would be interesting to examine the nature of policy change and social changes which has been witnessed worldwide. The theories which have evolved over time on ageing, plays a key role in understanding my selected audience. In the context of my interview, ageing is more relevant than racism. Therefore I am going to focus more on the theories and policies related to ageing which applies more in the context of my interviews. It is interesting how we can trace the impacts of these theories in real life in two very different cases taken from two gender specimen. An understanding of this phenomenon from scientific and social perspective is important to understand the significant role in the growing number of ageing population throughout the world. Human beings are unique and complex

Delta Air Lines Essay Example for Free

Delta Air Lines Essay The Delta Airlines boasts of an affluent history that tells the story of how it came to be the successful airline company that it is at present. It all started when the Huff Daland Dusters got involved with crop-dusting in Macon, state of Georgia. In 1925, Huff Daland Dusters relocated to Monroe in the state of Louisiana where it was known for being a successful private company, owning eighteen planes. Due to the growing success of Huff Daland Dusters, C. E. Woolman who established Delta Air Lines purchased the private dusting company. The company was then named Delta Air Service. (Delta, 2008a) In 1930, Delta Air Service begins to operate in Atlanta, Georgia where it discontinued services for passengers, and became Delta Air Corporation. When the company was approved to provide mail services again, which was unsuccessful in 1930, it continued to provide services for passengers. In 1942, Delta became involved with the war, with its active involvement in transforming and refurbishing over one thousand aircrafts to be utilized during the war, and in providing instruction for pilots belonging to the army and aircraft technicians. After three years, the company was renamed as Delta Air Lines, Inc. (Delta, 2008a) In 1961, Delta launched the first direct flight from its base to Los Angeles. In 1972, Delta became a much bigger company through the Northeast Airlines merger, the Western Airlines merger in 1987, and the company’s purchase of Pan Am. The Pan Am purchase allowed Delta to become a global carrier. (Delta 2008a) The current CEO of Delta Air Lines is Richard H. Anderson in September last year, although being just a new member five months prior to that. Anderson acquired a wide ranged of airline experiences during his twenty years in the business. Prior to his membership to the Delta Air Line Board of Directors, he served for Continental Airlines, and jumped from one post to another higher position in the Northwest Airlines. Moreover, he worked for UnitedHealth Group where he was a president of the Markets group. After his three-year service with the company, he joined Delta Air Lines. (Delta, 2008b) At present, the Delta Air Lines is based still in Atlanta Georgia where it provides their customers 310 flight destinations for all over 54 countries in the world. In 2007, Delta just announced the addition of 50 routes all over the world. (Delta, 2008c)This just proves how successful they are in what they do that they are able to cater to thousands of people who have the luxury of choosing where to go from numerous destinations locally or abroad. Delta Air Lines became successful because of its innovativeness and openness to mergers that made it one of the largest company airlines in the history of the United States. Moreover, Delta Air Lines is linked to several other airline companies and are allied with other foreign airlines. In the past, Delta was able to do mergers with several airlines and from then on continued to expand by targeting international destinations and partnership. Its success may also be attributed to the wide range of services that they can provide to their customers. Perhaps, the company fosters good relationships with its employees, primarily because of the concern that Delta exhibits to them. In September 2005, Delta was awarded as one of America’s Safest Companies as it implemented strict rules and policies on health and safety for employees in the workplace. (Delta, 2008d) Currently, Delta has expanded its target market to include even the lower classes of society with its launching of Song ®. The air service offers low prices on flights and lessens the time for aircrafts to continue services. This means that Song ® is able to provide as many flights as possible to the people in order to make up for their time. (List, 2003) Moreover, Delta is in partnership with SkyMiles, which enables their customers to earn free tree miles, which is gained by the number of flights one purchases. They also support several foundations and organizations, such as The Breast Cancer Research Foundation, Habitat for Humanity, etc. that helps to build their image and reputation, and gain more followers for the expansion of the airline. These changes have References Delta Air Lines â€Å"Delta Through the Decades.† Delta Air Lines, Inc. 2008a: http://www.delta.com/about_delta/corporate_information/delta_stats_facts/delta_through_decades/index.jsp 15 April 2008. Delta Air Lines â€Å"Richard H. Anderson.† Delta Air Lines, Inc. 2008b: http://www.delta.com/about_delta/corporate_information/corporate_biographies/anderson/ 15 April 15, 2008. Delta Air Lines. â€Å"New Routes Mean More Sources.† Delta Air Lines, Inc. 2008c: http://www.delta.com/planning_reservations/plan_flight/destinations/new_routes/index.jsp April 15, 2008. Delta Air Lines. â€Å"Awards Recognition.† Delta Air Lines, Inc. 2008d: http://www.delta.com/about_delta/corporate_information/awards_recognition/index.jsp April 15, 2008. List. B. â€Å"Operations researchers say Delta Air Lines’ Song has cut turnaround time of aircraft by 25%.† Innovations Report 2003: http://www.innovations-report.de/html/berichte/verkehr_logistik/bericht-22601.html April 15, 2008.

Designing an automated lawn mower

Designing an automated lawn mower Chapter 1: Introduction to the study Background to the research The first lawn mower was contrivance in 1827 and patented in 1830 by Edwin Beard Budding, an engineer from Stroud, Gloucestershire, England. He got this idea after seeing a machine in a textile industry, they used a cutting cylinder (or bladed reel) mounted on a bench to trim cloth to make a smooth finish after weaving. Budding realized that a similar concept would enable the cutting of grass if the mechanism could be mounted in a wheeled frame to make the blades rotate close to the lawns surface. First lawn mower was all made of cast iron and featured a large rear roller with a cutting cylinder (reel) in the front. Cast iron gear wheels transmitted power from the rear roller to the cutting cylinder. These machines were remarkably similar to modern mowers. By 2000, robotic are most important things in the future, no matter if they are used to work in industry or at our homes, mimic some of the human capabilities, or used to access dangerous environments, launched to space, or simply used to play with. They are help to reduce human dependencies in performing a task and to reduce time for production while maintaining consistent quality of production outputs. Robotic devices are commonly used in manufacturing industries and for domestic use as well. Modern houses normally garden with grass need to be maintained at a short height, is most user upset. Traditional lawn mowing is often a trouble, dangerous and time consuming in cutting the grass. The task of manual lawn mowing can be replaced by automatic lawn mower using a robot programmed to perform such task. A automatic lawn mower is designed and installed in this project. Automatic Lawn mower also can act as an aid to homeowners who can no longer perform physically demanding tasks, such as the elderly or disabled. On the residential side, many elderly and disabled enjoy lawn maintenance, but are no longer able to enjoy the satisfaction of maintaining their own lawn due to the physical demands of traditional lawn mowing equipment. These researches (automatic lawn mowers) are very elderly and disabled friendly with the simple. Automatic lawn mower also has the Perfect Balance Between Eco-friendly and Practicality. Robots are very expensive, not any people really want to buy costly robotic devices. Create a low cost inexpensive automatic lawn mower will allow house owners to maintain their lawn without spending much time and money. An autonomous robot can mow the lawn of a given specific area of the garden without any human supervision. Research problem / Research question However with the continuous development, several resources also make the arbitrary abuse. Oil coal resources are depleting shortages of energy and serious pollution. In the 20th century, energy crisis is any great bottleneck (or price rise) in the supply of energy resources to an economy. It usually refers to the shortage of oil and additionally to electricity or other natural resources. An energy crisis may be referred to as an oil crisis, petroleum crisis, energy shortage, electricity shortage or electricity crisis. The near future, the petroleum crisis already is a very big problem. Globality by way of disburden, they would increase the petroleum price, and debase their expense. Still got another country, hit sb. when hes down increase the petroleum price, and gain profit. Market failure is possible when monopoly manipulation of markets occurs. A crisis can develop due to industrial actions like union organized strikes and government embargoes. The cause may be over-consumption, ageing infrastructure and sometimes bottlenecks at oil refineries and port facilities restrict fuel supply. That crisis involves the industry, business, carrying trade, until economic policy. In response to the petroleum crisis, the principles of green energy and sustainable living movements gain popularity. This has led to increasing interest in alternate power/fuel research such as fuel cell technology, liquid nitrogen economy, hydrogen fuel, biodiesel, solar energy, geothermal energy, tidal energy, wave power, and wind energy, and fusion power. Rotary mowers can throw out debris with tremendous force is one of the most dangerous tools around the home. Each year, approximately 80,000 people with injuries caused by power mowers were treated in emergency departments. More than 9,000 of the people hurt were younger than 18 years. Lawn mower injuries include deep cuts, loss of fingers and toes, broken and dislocated bones, burns, and eye and other injuries. Some injuries are very serious. Both users of mowers and those who are nearby can be hurt. More than 20 percent of lawn mower injuries involving the hands, fingers or wrist. Some time the users want to adjust the height of the mowers wheels, forget pull out the spark plug after that the lawn mower suddenly turns on. When the user use lawn mower also need to make sure all debris (rocks, sticks and toys) are removed from the yard before you begin mowing. Loose objects can project out of the lawn mower and cause serious injury. Aims and objectives In the course of design and installation of an autonomous robot, the following criteria are set to fulfill its objectives: The robot must cutting grass in the surface area The robot must not be too costly and be affordable to all The lawn mower cutting tool can be adjustable with servo motor The robot also can be rechargeable energy with solar planer. To provide an automated lawn mower which follows a programmed path of data point without the use of calibration marker, lights, wires, or buried conductors To provide an automated lawn mower that is versatile in programming such that it can be maneuvered to follow any physically possible path including crossing over itself and reversal of direction Justification for the research On the residential side, many elderly and disabled enjoy lawn maintenance, but are no longer able to enjoy the satisfaction of maintaining their own lawn due to the physical demands of traditional lawn mowing equipment. These researches (automatic lawn mowers) are very elderly and disabled friendly with the simple. Methodology Automated lawn mower, are mower automatically along the edge of a swath which has been cut within or around an area of uncut grass. That includes a sensor assembly mounted on the front of the mower to detect the edge of the swath by sensing the different in height between uncut grass and the cut grass in the swath. In front of the lawn mower, also got a one touch sensor, that means it will be automatic avoid collision with obstacles along its pathway. Automated lawn mower also can adjustable the cutting tool about 1cm~3cm, this function is let the user choose which height with the grass. This mower using the solar planer to generate the power, and rechargeable lithium battery, let the mower moving more time. Conclusion Automatic grass cutters are environmentally friendly (no petrol, oil or emissions). No need bagging and disposal of clippings is eliminated. It also can healthy and beautiful looking lawn. In addition to environmental protection, also can save user time and money. Chapter 2 : Literature review Most people do not associate air pollution with mowing the lawn. Yet emissions from lawn mowers, snow blowers, chain saws, leaf vacuums, and similar outdoor power equipment are a significant source of pollution. Todays small engines emit high levels of carbon monoxide, a colorless, odorless, poisonous gas. They also emit hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides, pollutants that contribute to the formation of ozone. While ozone occurs naturally in the upper atmosphere and shields the earth from harmful radiation, ozone at ground level is a noxious pollutant. Ground-level ozone impairs lung function, inhibits plant growth, and is a key ingredient of smog. Each weekend, about 54 million Americans mow their lawns, using 800 million gallons of gas per year and producing tons of air pollutants. Garden equipment engines, which have had unregulated emissions until very recently, emit high levels of carbon monoxide, volatile organic compounds and nitrogen oxides, producing up to 5% of the nations air pollution and a good deal more in metropolitan areas. According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), a traditional gas powered lawn mower produces as much air pollution as 43 new cars each is being driven 12,000 miles. Among various types of outdoor equipment, lawn mowers are an important contributor to community noise, with the blades contributing up to 50% of noise (Tauro Mann III, 1997). Lawn mowers can be just as loud as leaf blowers. According to the Canadian Hearing Society (1991), lawn mowers can emit 80-96 dB(A) when measured at a distance of three feet. Like gas-powered leaf blowers, gas-powered lawn mowers emit air pollutants. As indicated in Table 4 below, these air pollutants include hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides and particulate matter. These emissions represent less than 5% of the total emissions of these individual pollutants in Canada, except for hydrocarbons, which are nearly 14% of total hydrocarbon emissions (Environment Canada, 1994). Two-stroke lawn mowers tend to be more polluting than four-stroke models. For example, one study found that lawn mowers with two-stroke engines emit hydrocarbons at an average rate in excess of seven times the rate of emission from lawn mowers with four-stroke engines (Priest et al., 2000). Evaporative fuel emissions from lawn mowers are estimated to be 5.8 grams/day (Wong, 2001). Lawn mowers can be more polluting than driving a car. One half-hour of lawn mowing with a typical walk-behind mower produces as much hydrocarbon emissions as driving a 1995 automobile for about 100 miles or 160 kilometres (California Air Resources Board, 2000). A Swedish study found that the emissions produced from a lawn mower engine during one hour of operation were around 4000 ÃŽÂ ¼g/h; this is comparable to driving more than 150 km in a car with a three-way catalytic converter (Christensen Westerholm, 2001). Both lawn mower users and bystanders can be exposed to noise and air pollutant emissions. Figures from Statistics Canada indicate that there were 5,850,000 lawn mowers in Canada in 1985, the majority of which were gas-powered (73.3%). There were comparatively fewer electric (23.9%) and push mowers (2.8%) (Environment Canada, 1994). Most lawn mowers that are available in the Canadian marketplace are imported (Maillette, 2001). According to information obtained from Statistics Canada, 126 walk-behind lawn mowers were imported into Canada during 1996-1999. Figures on domestic production of lawn mowers are not available from Industry Canada (Maillette, 2001). Automatic lawn mower (e.g., lawn mowers) contribute to noise and air pollution that can adversely affect human health and the environment, minimize noise, exhaust and evaporative emissions from lawn/garden equipment and protect public health. Chapter 3 : Concept development and evaluation Timing Belt Belt driver are provides a convenient means for transferring power from one shaft to another. Belt are frequently necessary to reduce the higher rotative speed of electric motors to the lower values required by mechanical equipment. But in this project are contrary, because the cutting tools need a top speed to operate. Normally in industrial, are using two general type of belt driver, v-belt and timing belt (synchronous belt). Since the cost of v-belt is relatively low, the power output of a v-belt system may be increased by operating several belts side by side. All belts in the drive should stretch at the same time rate in order to keep the load equally divided among them. When one of the belts breaks, the entire group must usually be replaced. The drive may be inclined at any angle with a tight side at either the top or bottom. Since belts can operate on relatively small pulleys, large reduction of the speed in a single drive are possible. E:ycUCTIUC4F1012MEFinal Year ProjNew folderScreenHunter_08 Feb. 12 22.14.gifE:ycUCTIUC4F1012MEFinal Year ProjNew folderScreenHunter_06 Feb. 12 21.53.gif Pitch diameter of a pulley P = No teeth on pulley x Drop distance d = Belt contact angle ÃŽÂ ± = arc sin [C = centre distance] Belt fall length fl = Contact length small pulley CL2 = Contact length big pulley CL1 = Belt length L = 2(fl) + CL1+ CL2 Total number of teeth on belt = Big pulley, P1 = No teeth on pulley x = 38 x = 61.4465mm Small pulley, P2 = No teeth on pulley x = 18 x = 29.1063mm Drop distance, d = = = 16.1701mm Belt contact angle, ÃŽÂ ± = arc sin [C = centre distance] = arc sin = 7.87Â ° Belt fall length , fl = = 116.9815mm Contact length small pulley, CL2 = = = 41.7221mm Contact length big pulley, CL1 = = 61.4465 = 104.9601mm Belt length, L = 2(fl) + CL1+ CL2 = 2(116.9815mm) + 104.9601mm + 41.7221mm = 380.6452mm E:ycUCTIUC4F1012MEFinal Year ProjNew folderScreenHunter_04 Feb. 12 21.49.gif Using micromagic system software determine the belt length. E:ycUCTIUC4F1012MEFinal Year ProjNew folderScreenHunter_05 Feb. 12 21.53.gif Imperial XL section ht = 1.27mm p = 5.08mm hs = 2.30mm Spur gear E:ycUCTIUC4F1012MEFinal Year ProjNew folderScreenHunter_01 Feb. 15 11.03.gif Spur Gear Formula 14 degree Pressure Angle 20 and 25 degree Pressure angle Addendum, a a = a = Dedendum, b b = b = Pitch diameter, D D = D = Outside diameter, Do Do = Do = Number of teeth, N N = D x P N = D x P Tooth thickness, t t = t = Whole depth, ht ht = ht = Clearance, c c = c = Center distance, C C = C = Working depth, hk hk = hk = Chordal tooth thickness, tc tc = D sin () tc = D sin () Chordal addendum, ac ac = a + ac = a + Diametral pitch, P P = P = Center distance, C C = C = Ball and roller bearings A ball bearing usually consists of four parts: an inner ring, an outer ring, the balls and the cage or separator. To increase the contact area and permit larger loads to be carried, the ball run in curvilinear grooves in the rings. The radius of the groove is slightly larger than the radius of the ball, and very slight amount of radial play must be provided. The bearing it thus permitted to adjust itself to small amounts of angular misalignment in the assembled shaft and mounting. The separator keeps the balls evenly space and prevents them from touching each in the sides, where their relative velocities are the greatest. Ball bearings are made in a wide variety of type and size. Single row radial bearings are made in four series. Extra light, light, medium, and heavy, for each bore, as illustrated in Fig 1